Children and teenagers are active individuals, constantly engaged in sports and outdoor activities. However, their developing bones and joints make them susceptible to various foot and ankle conditions. Here are the top four foot and ankle injuries commonly seen in kids and teens:
1. Tarsal Coalition
Tarsal coalition is a congenital condition where two or more bones in the foot are abnormally connected. This condition often goes unnoticed until a child reaches adolescence when symptoms such as stiffness, pain, and difficulty walking emerge. It can limit movement and lead to frequent ankle sprains.
Symptoms:
- Pain in the foot or ankle
- Stiffness and limited foot motion
- Frequent ankle sprains
Treatment:
- Non-surgical options like orthotics, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications
- In severe cases, surgery may be required to separate the fused bones
2. Flat Foot
Flat feet occur when the arch of the foot does not develop properly, leading to pain and discomfort. Many children have flexible flat feet, which usually resolve as they grow. However, if the condition persists, it may cause foot fatigue, difficulty walking, and pain in the legs or lower back.
Symptoms:
- Pain or cramping in the feet and legs
- Difficulty with physical activities
- Uneven shoe wear
Treatment:
- Supportive footwear and orthotics
- Stretching exercises and physical therapy
- Surgical correction in rare cases
3. Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) – Clubfoot
Clubfoot, or CTEV, is a congenital deformity where a baby’s foot is twisted out of its normal position. The foot may be turned inward or downward, making walking difficult if untreated. Early intervention is crucial to ensure normal foot function.
Symptoms:
- Abnormal foot positioning at birth
- Difficulty in weight-bearing and walking
- Tight calf muscles
Treatment:
- The Ponseti method (serial casting and bracing)
- Physical therapy
- Surgery in severe cases
4. Congenital Vertical Talus
Congenital vertical talus is a rare foot deformity present at birth, where the talus bone is misaligned, causing the foot to have a rigid, rocker-bottom appearance. If left untreated, it can lead to difficulty in walking and long-term foot problems.
Symptoms:
- Rocker-bottom foot shape
- Stiffness in the foot and ankle
- Difficulty wearing normal shoes
Treatment:
- Stretching and casting techniques
- Surgical intervention to correct the bone alignment
Conclusion
Early detection and treatment of foot and ankle conditions in children are crucial for preventing long-term complications. If your child experiences persistent pain, stiffness, or abnormal foot posture, consult a foot and ankle specialist for proper evaluation and treatment.